Pilar Cuevas Ruiz

About me

I am an applied microeconomist with research interests in gender, health, and education economics. My work explores how to enhance intergenerational mobility and reduce inequality of opportunity. I use administrative and survey microdata and apply experimental and quasi-experimental methods to uncover causal mechanisms that shape human capital formation and labor market outcomes. My current research agenda includes: – Health: The causal impact of maternal secondary school curricula on infant health at birth. – Education: The effectiveness of AI-driven educational technology in improving academic performance and reducing socio-economic gaps. – Gender: How conceptualizations of childcare shape the motherhood penalty, and how competitive environments contribute to gender disparities in educational and labor outcomes. I completed my PhD in Economics of Education at UCL as a Ramón Areces Scholar. During my PhD, I joined the ERC-funded PARENTIME project at the London School of Economics (LSE), where I also held a postdoctoral position right after. I currently continue my affiliation with LSE with a visiting position and work as a post-doc at Universidad de Sevilla on FAMILY WELLBEING nationally funded project examining family and child well-being. Alongside my research, I actively engage in public dissemination. I have authored policy briefs, blog posts, and media articles (transfer of knowledge) to translate evidence into accessible insights, reaching NGOs, policymakers, and education professionals. I am committed to research training and capacity building. I co-developed The Science Behind the Contribution of a Research Paper workshop as part of the Women in Social and Public Policy Research Hub – Research Skills Development Program: Mentoring for Excellence at the LSE. I have also taught postgraduate Public Economics at UCL, supervise PhD and master's students, and serve as a reviewer for academic journals and national funding bodies. I am the incoming principal investigator of React2Success, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship funded by the European Commission under the Horizon Europe programme. This project investigates how gender differences in responses to success and failure in high-stakes competitive environments, such as university entrance exams or job applications, shape educational and career trajectories. By linking administrative and experimental data, React2Success takes an interdisciplinary big data approach to understand how behavioural patterns under pressure contribute to persistent gender gaps in leadership and decision-making roles, and to identify policy levers to support more inclusive talent pipelines.

Research

Main On-Going Projects

Healthier Starts: The Intergenerational Effects of Maternal General Knowledge Acquisition with Prof. Cristina Borra (US) and Prof. Almudena Sevilla (LSE)

We study the long-term causal impacts of increasing mothers' general education on infant health outcomes using a education reform in Spain that integrated more general education into secondary schooling. Educational programs that aim to deliver more general knowledge may improve women's earning potential and maternal prenatal investment by increasing the portability of skills across occupations and enhancing women's ability to make informed decisions about marriage and fertility options and health behavior. Using quasi-experimental variation from a schooling reform in Spain that exogenously integrated more general education into the high school system, we find that the reform led to a significant reduction in the incidence of very premature birth (less than 32 gestational weeks), and declines in very low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams) and premature births (less than 37 weeks). Linked survey data on adult information processing skills, substance abuse, and labor and marriage market choices to administrative education records allow us to unpack the mechanisms behind the causal effects of more general education on health at birth. The positive effects of the reform on infant health are driven by better information processing skills, resulting in a better ability to avoid risky behaviors during pregnancy and improved family planning decision making.

Closing Literacy Gaps: A Personalized Technology-Aided Intervention with Prof. Almudena Sevilla (LSE), Dr. Luz Rello (IE Business School) and Prof. Ismael Sanz (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos)

We estimate the effects of a low-cost and scalable computer-assisted learning (CAL) language program on students' academic performance. The CAL program aims to enhance writing and reading skills through use of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, allowing to model the cognitive processes of students and provide content tailored to their academic level. We exploit variation in its implementation and adoption across primary schools in the Region of Madrid (Spain), and combine survey data with administrative records on external blindly-graded standardized tests. Our results show that students using the CAL program score between 0.09 and 0.21 standard deviations higher on the Spanish language standardized test, with larger gains observed for students at the bottom of the test-score distribution. Broadly, the findings indicate that the personalized and adaptive instructional content of CAL programs significantly boosts literacy, helping to bridge the gap between individual learning levels and common curricula.

Gender Differences in Performance: The Role of External Testing Environments with Dr. Jose Montalban (SOFI at Stockholm University) and Prof. Almudena Sevilla (LSE)

We exploit a centralized set of randomization rounds on a large student population to study gender differences in response to externally and internally administered testing environments. Specifically, grade 6th students were exposed to different testing environments, while other factors such as competition, stakes, and time pressure were held constant. Our findings indicate that girls perform worse than boys in external test-taking environments, particularly in subjects with strong stereotypes of female inability, like mathematics. A survey administered after each exam reveals that girls seem to have a lower tolerance for pressure and a lower incentive to exert effort in external testing conditions in mathematics, but not in verbal. These findings may explain the widening gender gap in mathematics in external examination settings.

Publications

Papers


Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Gimenez, I., & Sevilla, A. (forthcoming). A New Conceptualization of Childcare in Economic Models: A Paradigm Shift for Addressing Gender Inequality in the Labor Market. Accepted at Oxford Review of Economic Policy, The Economics of Care special issue (September 2025).

Cuevas-Ruiz, P. C., Sanz, I., & Sevilla, A. (2023). Explaining the Mathematics Gender Gap: The Role of Stereotypes. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance.

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Working Papers (under review)


Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Borra, C., & Sevilla, A. (2023). The causal impact of maternal educational curricula on infant health at birth (No. dp1915). Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.

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Book Chapters


Borra, C., & Cuevas-Ruiz, P. (2018). Insiders y Outsiders: La calidad del empleo tras un periodo de desempleo. In Pobreza en la Ocupación e Instrumentos de Reacción, pp. 67–81. Ediciones Laborum S.L. ISBN 978-84-17789-00-8.

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Transfer of Knowledge


Policy Briefs

Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Sanz, I., & Rello, L. (2024). El impacto del aprendizaje asistido por tecnología en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Panorama Social, FUNCAS.

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Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Sanz, I., & Rello, L. (2021). Educational reinforcement measures in literacy: the case of the Dyslexia Aid program in the Comunidad de Madrid. Cuadernos Económicos de ICE, (102), 221–245.

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Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Borra, C., & Sevilla, A. (2021). Educación y salud al nacer. Papeles de Economía Española, (166), 185–202.

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Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., & Sanz, I. (2021). Última Evidencia sobre la brecha de género en el rendimiento en matemáticas derivada de la intersección entre la psicología social y la economía. In Indicadores del Sistema Educativo Español, pp. 157–165. Editorial Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces S.A.

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Press Releases

Sanz, I., Sevilla, A., and Cuevas-Ruiz, P. (January 2024). Explicando la brecha de género en Matemáticas: el rol de los estereotipos. La Razón.

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Sanz, I., Sevilla, A., and Cuevas-Ruiz, P. (January 2024). Rendimiento de los estudiantes. La Razón.

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Cuevas-Ruiz, P., & Sevilla, A. (June 2022). Reducing gender gaps in mathematics education (No. 632). Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.

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Blog Posts

Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Borra, C., & Sevilla, A. (June 2023). What girls study at school affects how healthy their babies will be later in life. LSE Blog.

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Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Sanz, I., & Rello, L. (October 2022). Aprendizaje asistido por ordenador y el rendimiento de los estudiantes: herramientas prometedoras que no sustituyen a los docentes. Nada es Gratis Blog.

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Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P. (March 2022). How can we reduce gender gaps in mathematics? Economics Observatory.

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Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Sanz, I., & Sainz, J. (February 2022). Día Internacional de la Mujer y la Niña en la Ciencia. Nada es Gratis Blog.

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Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Sanz, I., & Sainz, J. (November 2021). 10 de noviembre, Día Mundial de la Ciencia para la Paz y el Desarrollo de la UNESCO. La brecha de género en las vocaciones STEM, sus causas y políticas para abordarlo (I). Nada es Gratis Blog.

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Sevilla, A., Cuevas-Ruiz, P., Sanz, I., & Sainz, J. (November 2021). 10 de noviembre, Día Mundial de la Ciencia para la Paz y el Desarrollo de la UNESCO. La brecha de género en las vocaciones STEM, sus causas y políticas para abordarlo (II). Nada es Gratis Blog.

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Awards and Grants

Awards


MSc Outstanding Graduation Award at University of Seville Highest final average grade of 2017/2018 MSc Development Economy.

Highest final average grade of 2017/2018 MSc Development Economy.

Grants


Ramón Areces Foundation Scholarship for Postgraduate Studies. XXXIV Call for Extension Studies Abroad in Social Sciences (2020/2021-2021/2022)

National merit-based scholarship covering UCL PhD first and second year fees, accommodation and travels.